2014-11-30
Vae Viator57
From your Mole, to all who see this in
hopes that you will have a:
¡Feliz Navidad y Prospero Año Nuevo!
Joyeux
Noël et Bonne Année!
Merry
Christmas and Happy New Year!
When politicians involve themselves in
technical matters, expect failures.
The photograph below
documents the situation at the Maxella AV and Lincoln BL stop on the
BBB number 3 Line. It is the sort of “work” one would expect from
the LACMTA. They taped or caused to be taped shut the aperture in the
plastic pipes associated with power poles. These pipes were used as improvised
trash cans. BBB N.B. The stop still needs a trash can!
Su Topo will
include this comment in every post with the above until BBB
corrects the problem.
For quite awhile BBB has been charging for intra-line transfers, reversing
the long standing policy of free transfers to other BBB lines.
Too, BBB has spent lots of money to build a big headquarters on Colorado BL just east of 4th Street. Mr. King, just a few dollars for a trash can, you might need a few more to cover other bus stops too, will erase this section. After all, it is Marina Del Rey! :-)
BBB Maxella Trash Fix???♪
Why a trash container is needed♪
The photo above shows exactly what people will do when a trash container
is not provided. They will jury rig
something. What they did in this case is
rip off the tape which covered the plastic pipes at the base of the utility
pole and stuffed their trash into the pipe, nice, huh?
White Line Incursion Series
Su Topo uses
video to highlight the problem of scofflaw drivers endangering Metro bus
passengers yet, no authority seems to want to take ownership of the problem.
The issue is not unique to the particular site which this Mole documents, but
is illustrative of a general problem. Your Mole encourages you to report
similar problems to the appropriate agencies in your area(s) and hope that you
will have better luck than he. In the youtube.com videos linked below one
can see exactly what happens when the policing agencies fail to enforce traffic
laws.
The videos linked below
document the important fact that a never ending stream of vehicles fail to use
the lane as required by law.
Neither are the policing
agencies active when it comes to protecting us by bringing these obvious and
frequent traffic law violations to an immediate halt. The LACMTA is
derelict as well, in that they fail to use the near hourly proof of the
violations captured by the on board cameras, mentioned here, and discussed at
length in the posting of 2012-05-31.
In the following videos
we see further instances of scofflaw drivers, some in convoy, cutting in front
of Metro 111/311 buses.
Please see the www.youtube.com video of an auto crossing
the solid white line and cutting off a Line 111/311 bus here.
Please carefully note
that often, pedestrians are pinned to the curb by the vehicles that cut in
front of the bus —as a result these pedestrians are illegally denied the
right-of-way. Which right-of-way would be unchallengeablely theirs IF, and only IF,
Mr. Leahy would have one of his staff
explain su Topo’s simple solution (vide infra)
to him.
In spite of the
potential for these violations to occur several times per HOUR,
I have never seen a police presence at this location. One would think that with
a bus schedule taped to the dashboard one of the several policing agencies
would have made some arrests by now. Unless they have "more
important" work, than protecting bus passengers, to do.
La Taupe feels that it
is appropriate to dedicate these video(s) to ALL the agencies that should be
protecting us. So, they are dedicated to (1): Airport (LAWA) Police, the
L.A.P.D., the L. A. County Sheriff’s Department and Mr. A. Leahy who
is CEO of the LACMTA.
Su Topo has
recommended a simple solution to the problem. That is, have
the 111 Line buses pull up to pedestrian crosswalk then stop and discharge
passengers. Doing so eliminates the space in front of the bus which the
always-in-a-hurry scofflaws use to cut in front of the bus. But, with
the LACMTA nothing is simple. Although the solution could be
implemented with nothing more than a memo to the 111/311 Line drivers, it is a
task for which the LACMTA is inadequate.
OVERMATCHED
The Mole reads the papers and other things, obviating the
necessity of your doing so.
The Los Angeles Times covers (Weikel) the ground breaking for the “Subway
to the Sea Veterans Administrations hospital” which borders on both
Sepulveda and Wilshire Blvds. Once
again, demonstrating that if the LACMTA cannot achieve useful goals, they will
change the goals. This project is
congruent to the Green Line to LAX plan —which has not been achieved in over
two decades— approximately 2.4 decades.
The latest LACMTA LAX plan, which this Mole has termed “Four seats to
LAX”, does not qualify as imaginative thinking and should put a big smile on
the faces of the operators of the FlyAway service!
The agency should immediately begin running the 720 Line busses in an
A-sector and B-sector mode. The A-sector
should shuttle between Commerce Center and the Civic Center Station where
passengers could transfer to the Purple Line.
While the B-sector would cover the area between the Wilshire Western
Station and Santa Monica. Then in 50
years or so, when the Purple Line extension is finished the B-sector would become
a shuttle between the VA Station and Santa Monica.
This would save: time; fuel costs; driver costs; vehicle maintenance
costs and habituate riders to making inter-modal transfers —a feature of big
city life. They could invest some of the
savings, probably very little would be required, in rerouting the 232 line
which needlessly loops around Mariposa Station —thus accruing more savings.
Meanwhile, if the LACMTA statistics are accurate, always a concern with
an agency who makes so many inaccurate estimates of ridership and etc.,
according to a Times piece (Nelson, et al) of several months ago, the
uncollected fares are hemorrhaging.
How has the LACMTA responded to the fare loss? By imposing a fare increase which may drive
others to “free ride”. Included was an increase from .10 to .25 in the cost of
transfers for seniors. The very people
who could be using bus and rail transportation off-peak! The regular fare transfers increase from .35
to .50, an increase to a fraction more than 140%. Had the 140% rate been applied to seniors,
their transfers would cost .15 —a much fairer rate. Paying two and a half more than the prior
transfer cost and an inequitable rate when compared with the increase in the
price of regular transfers, just doesn’t seem fair to our senior citizens, does
it Mr. Leahy? Mr. Leahy, roll back the senior transfer cost
to .15!
CHSRA will undoubtedly be unnerved to hear that their “Bullet Train” will
be more like a Sling Shot Train when compared with the latest efforts of the
Japanese. The report from slashdot.com
says “Japan
has now put 100 passengers on a Maglev train doing
over 500kph. That's well
over twice as fast as the fastest U.S. train can manage, and that only manages
240kph on small sections of its route.
The
Japanese Shinkansen [a train whose history dates back to March, 1959!
Mole] is now running over 7 times times [sic] as fast as the average
U.S. express passenger train. 500kph is moving towards the average speed of an
airliner.”
Here is a link to the history of the Japanese
Bullet Train (Shinkansen).
I would like to be self-referential and restate my most important complaint regarding the CHSRA “product”, viz., “Wrong Technology – they should be using state-of-the-art Mag-Lev technology instead of the older “Bullet Train” technology. The Japanese are developing mag-lev technology now and have been doing so for a number of years! You can see the most-recent phrasing of my CHSRA critique in the 2014-10-31 posting (Search for guber).
For several months now, I have been attempting to bring understanding and
clarity to the LACMTA’s “Free Two Hour Transfer” policy. At last, they’ve come clean and are telling
us what they should have at the outset.
You Mole called it, using his “when dealing with the LACMTA, expect
little and you won’t be too disappointed” philosophy. The “Free Two Hours” start ticking away as
soon as the transfer is copied to your tap card. What customer service! First you must buy your fare at one of the
third parties or at a rail station.
Making fare purchase as difficult as possible without demanding that you
purchase the fare at least ten days before your trip is a guarantee that the
population of free transfer riders will be a minimum.
Further, although forcing you to
purchase your fare at a “pass sales outlet” means that the LACMTA will have to
pay a commission to the third party it will be less expensive to do that and
force the rider to pay additional fare(s) rather than loading a “two hour
transfer” the rider’s TAP card. Great, everybody (almost) is happy with this
deal.
Perhaps the ridership should think of legal ways in which to express
their dissatisfaction.
The expensive to print, glossy “Metro Insider” (¡Use su tarjeta ...!) which
somewhat explained the policy, was called “Use TAP— Get two hours of transfers!”
You can find the two short paragraphs on the back of the English language cover
—on an unnumbered page. Su Topo finds
this title inaccurate and feels that the title should be “Use TAP— Get two
hours of transfers minus the length of time on the bus where you paid your
fare!”
There is LOTS of white-space in this brochure, but apparently not enough
to direct you to the exact web page.
They prefer to say simply “Visit metro.net.” I followed their advice following Need a Tap
card? It took me just 4 seconds to
locate the page so, for your convenience and so someone at the LACMTA didn’t
have to become a “computer expert” to pass it on to you, here is the link. Why didn’t the LACMTA provide the full
link?? No se, but perhaps you can
think of a reason. It is amazing how (Please fill in word) the LACMTA staff are or is it simply laziness? It is 2015 (almost) and yet they seem unable to give you a full URL to the data!
Most people who can make their entire commute using only Metro buses are
likely to use two and often three buses.
If the first bus ride is say, an hour, then when you transfer to the
second bus you will have one hour of free transfer left. Since the LACMTA makes absolutely NO EFFORT
to coördinate/synhronise bus schedules (not even major lines) you will be extremely luck
to ride the second bus and incredibly fortunate to ride a third.
How about it, Mr. Leahy? Won’t you do the right thing for the Metro
ridership and remove those silly, onerous pre-purchase requirements for
eligibility AND make the two-hour transfer period begin with the “tap” when
boarding the bus after the issuing bus?
Oh and while the topic of bus line synchronisation is fresh, here is a publication that offers hope of achieving minimum transfer wait times. This thesis also serve as a nice introduction to transportation. Scheduling bus lines between the rail lines and subway which the "Downtown Connector" is supposed to fix, is likely the most cost effective manner by which to connect them **spoiler alert** many of those bus lines, as your Mole noted in an earlier posting, already exist. Then the billions not wasted could be used to link the Green Line to LAX making it, at most, "three seats to LAX". The cheering you hear in the background is from the LAWA FlyAway Group. Implementing a scientific methodology will almost always lead to a solution — instead of the LACMTA's preferred approach, which is ... casting of the runes?
DISCLAIMER
It is this Mole's recommendation that the document linked above NOT be read by those associated with the LACMTA; it is a topic too "foreign" to them and is sure to cause dissonance between the usual approach used by the LACMTA and what is possible for others to achieve.
Let’s take a short break here and listen to some music. Does something by “Cheap Trick” sound
appropriate? How about “Stop That
Thief”? http://grooveshark.com/s/Stop+That+Thief/4Mq5Xd?src=5
In a Los Angeles Times editorial (Editorial)
of several years ago, from which I would like to quote this: “Meanwhile, though,
the switch is proving to be a poorly
planned, confusing mess, with parts of the system rushed into place before the
rest was ready. It's unclear how long it will take to work the bugs out, and
some of the proposed "fixes" coming from MTA headquarters don't seem
like much of an improvement [Emphasis mine].”
And
this: “Why the MTA installed the gates or proceeded with the TAP system before
securing agreements with the individual transit operators is a mystery, but we
think we know the answer: bad planning
and even worse communication among the MTA's staff, its governing board and the
agencies it's seeking to partner with on TAP [Emphasis mine].”
The
editorial describes the long, long, yet incomplete TAP implementation but,
replacing “switch” with “project” in the above verbiage will make it applicable
to just about anything the LACMTA touches.
amNY.com reports (Rivoli) on the NYC’s MTA’s planned fare increase. Please note carefully the rate quoted in the
article: “Officials
said the MTA can keep its promise of raising fares every two years by 4%, close
to the rate of inflation.” Please read
this article (linked in Works Cited, below) and see how it is done in the “Big
Apple.”
[T]hetransportpolitic.com tells us (Freemark) ‘Of the
100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, only two have
a majority of their jobs located within three miles of their
downtown, and most suburban.’ And ‘… workers don’t work in city centers. A sizable share
of the population doesn’t work a “normal” workweek.’ Toronto, Canada
has apparently overcome the challenge.
Planning with the givens supplied above is a challenge
and building fixed route light rail lines that are not “rapid transit” presents
a special challenge to Los Angeles.
Planning for and overcoming these issues will be difficult for those who
are not clairvoyant.
A Cnet.com article (Rubin) describes New York City’s creative plan to convert
disused payphone
locations to Wi-Fi access points. It describes the project,
which is planned to
complete in late 2015 as “the biggest and fastest
free municipal
Wi-Fi network in the world.” Future minded? concerned for their
citizens? Know what people need? Yes, yes and yes!
« Le vase donne une forme au
vide, et la musique au silence. »
Georges Braque (1882-05-13~1963-08-31)
[The vase gives form
to the void, and the music to silence.]
Merci Bein á http://evene.lefigaro.fr/
Ars longa vita breva
Illustrative of finding beauty in humble places, here is a link to Charles Camoin’s painting, “Femme Au
Chapeau Bleu À La Rose”.
To see more of Camoin’s work, use your favourite search
engine, set it to image mode and use “Camoin” as the search argument. I found lots but some are NOT FOR CHILDREN!
¿Musica?
Let’s listen to some
Blues. I think that Muddy Waters playing
the “Train Fare Home Blues” would be appropriate.
Thank you! to our good friends at www.grooveshark.com for always
providing the appropriate music for us.
The Mole rides again, so you don’t have to be ignored by Bus
Operators who wish you’d go away.
(All
times are expressed in the 24 hour system.)
America’s Worst♪
2014-11-01 13:35 117
Line, south bound: Operator 84606 stops his bus three metres past the “flag”. Sloppy positioning of their vehicles at the
flag isn’t the only fault of LACMTA drivers.
Bad Parallel Parking♪
These days it seems that
fewer drivers know the exact location of their bus. is
2014-11-19 12:45 aboard
a 117 Line bus, #8331: The driver of this west bound run (Run # 8) (#3236 –I
double checked this suspiciously short ID– looks away from me and ignores my
“Good Afternoon”. But he is willing to
chat endless, holding up our arrival at the LAXCBC and causing me to just miss
my connection, about the location of a street he apparently doesn’t know, Viz.,
Fairfax.
Ear (and Eye) to the
Rail
KPFK is an excellent
station in many regards. They broadcast
a program call “Exploration” hosted by noted theoretical physicist, Dr Michio
Kaku. The broadcast can be heard on
other Pacifica stations as well. Please see Dr.
Kaku’s website for more information.
I listened to a very
interesting discussion covering the search for extra terrestrial intelligence
and the future growth possibilities for computation now that we are near the
limit of Moore’s law. The answer to
that problem? Three dimensional computers —Please listen here and please, be patient while it loads.
Transit as unseen and
unimagined by the LACMTA
The LACMTA (Subordinate to LAWA)
Presents
Every Which Way But Right!
OR
Four Seats to LAX!
OR
The LACMTA Tries Again; Asymptotically to LAX!
OR
The World’s Most Inconvenient Way in Which to Travel From City
Center to an Airport!
The purpose of this
section is to make people aware that the LACMTA is not home to
many problem solvers. I hope to accomplish this end by presenting
the solutions adopted by other cities, some in foreign countries, in solving
the city to airport rapid mass transportation challenge.
DISCLAIMER
Cautionary Note: Those
employed by the LACMTA or LAWA should NOT view the
following video(s). The speed of the
train(s), the fact that they neither share the right of way nor stop at stop
lights, because they are truly rapid transit, will likely make you dizzy,
nauseous, confuse and frighten you.
The Los Angeles Times
covers (Lin II) the fact that Oakland, which could be termed a second city, to San Francisco now has rail service which
connects to the BART. They, unlike the
dysfunctional LACMTA had a bus service called “Air Bart” between Oakland
International and the nearest BART station, Coliseum. Now the train links up directly so, you can
travel by rail from San Francisco to Oakland Airport or from Oakland to San
Francisco International. That is a
system to be emulated. Had anyone from
the LACMTA thought to emulate BART where would we be today? Certainly not spending billions to build the
“Downtown Connector”.
Regarding
the old system: “… many passengers say they found hauling their luggage down
the stairs to a bus a big hassle … “.
These words or variants of them will echo forever in train cars and on
platforms when the “Four seats to LAX” mess is “finished”.
The page is linked here. Page down "twice"
to position the video.
Thank you latimes.com for the video
Cosmology
SETI? Yes SETI (the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) is using
a more focused search mode. Rather than
attempting to everything in attempting to find alien life in the universe the
organization will concentrate on planets orbiting their sun (star) in a zone
that is most conducive to life-formation.
Please read the article from thisweek.com,
here. Dr. Kaku (Vide infra) will also talk about SETI.
We all know about the WWW,
the world- wide web, a network – it is the micro to the macro network that
“connects” galaxies in our universe. A
little preparatory work is required before we review the extremely large-scale
structure described in the document below.
A
parsec (pc) a measure of distance is equal to 3.085678x1013 kilometers, or
3.26 light-years. A kpc: is equal to 1000 parsecs or 3260 light-years while a
Mpc equals 1 million parsecs or 3,260,000 light-years. Using the data supplied above we can compute
the distance that light travels in a year as (3.085678 * 10^13) /3.26 = 9.46526994 * 1012. You can verify la Taupe’s work by copying the
bold section into the google.com search area and pressing space after entering
the 3.26.
This
link will take you to a page at sciencedaily.com where you can read about some
of the work being done at the University of California Riverside.
After you have read
enough, please view this video which will zoom in to smaller and smaller
sections of the universe. To help you
deal with these dimensions, consider that our home galaxy is about 100,000
light-years or
approximately 30674.84
pc ≈ 30.67 Kpc. Here is a page which
shows a picture of the Milky-Way galaxy —side view— and when you read the text you’ll
discover that your Mole has made the Milky Way about 2Kpc too large :-(.
Now let’s view the zoom
in simulation the link here will take you to the first in the series of four
which is shown on the Science Daily page.
This loads slowly into Windows Media Player but the wait is worth it!
You can find more on the
large scale structure described above, here.
Fare Box Score Box and
related Lists of Shame
I.D. Numbers of buses
with Out of Order Fare Boxes: 9842;
Note: No or few entries
above do not necessarily mean all fare boxes are in operation.
I.D.Numbers of
Distracted Drivers: xxxxx (i);
None included here, but
observations of a minor nature may be included in the main posting;
Codes: (i) Extended
conversation(s) with passenger(s) or (ii) cell phone call(s). Frequently,
details can be found in the text above, (ii*) cell phone call(s) which are
aggravated by some other action, (iii) Self-distracted. Codes (ii*) and (iii)
will ALWAYS be explained in the posting.
I.D. Numbers of Buses
Defaced by WhoIs stickers: xxxx;
~UR or +UR =
(+UR) whois sticker and the ugly residue left after passengers partly
remove the sticker. (~UR) = Only the ugly residue left after passengers almost
completely remove the sticker. +L = an old (legacy) sticker black letters on a
plain white background –these are the original form of the defacement.
*
Another reason for displaying the operator's ID on the internal display and
the headsign.
ID numbers of Buses whose
Head and Tailsigns disagree: Not noted xxxx/xxxx;
Format is Bus number
followed by Headsign number/Tailsign number.
ID numbers of Buses
without Braille signs: xxxx;
METRO drivers Lack of
Basic Technical Skills Report
The format is Driver
number F[{Y/-n/+n}] C[{Y/N+/-}]. Meaning of F if Y the driver stopped with the
Bus stop “flag pole” somewhere between the bus front door frames. A negative
number, e.g., -3 is the approximate distance in metres (think yards dear
readers) between the nearest bus door vertical frame member and the flag pole
signifying that the bus stopped short of the flag. A positive number, e.g., +3
(metres) is the approximate distance between the nearest bus door vertical
frame member and the flag pole signifying that the bus stopped past the flag.
The value for C[{Y/N}], “Y” tells us that the driver stopped within an easy
step from the curb to the bus, “N” means it was NOT an easy step from the curb
to the bus. It is this Mole's belief that an average experienced good driver
should be able to control his bus so as to position in near the curb and with
the flag pole slightly to the front of the bus.
xxxxx F[+4] C[Y];
I.D. numbers of drivers
who are unable or unwilling to position their buses parallel to
the curb, a short step from the curb and/or equidistant from the vehicles
exits.
XXXXX F[+10]
C[Y]; F[+7], C[Y]; xxxxx F[Y], C[Y]; xxxxxF[Y],
C[Y]; N.B. distances are in metres, think yards.
13 metres is this is
MORE than a bus length. nnnnn* = Contract Driver
I.D. numbers of drivers
who are almost guaranteed to give you a Rough and Jerky (R& J) ride: xxxxx;
I.D. numbers of drivers who will give you a potentially life-threatening ride: XXXXX(J)date; XXXXX(-);
Codes: S = not wearing
seat belts; J = bad judgment (unsafe driving practices).
La Taupe's Abréviations
ADADO = Automatic Destination Announcement (on)
Door Opening. This feature is installed on many buses and operates on extremely
few. Another“money down the toilet” LACMTA investment. La Taupe that
this is intended for the visually impaired because people who can see can read
the “head signs”.
ASAS = Automatic Stop Announcement System the
GPS (Global Positioning System) driven mechanism for generating audio for the
upcoming stops. N.B. Because of the low power (read weak) processors used in
the on-board stops may be too close to identify stops separately. This is known
as a granularity problem. Then too, if the driver operates the bus at speed
above the speed limit you will find the system “back announcing” stops which
you have already passed. I find that this will NOT keep some drivers from
complaining “that you didn’t signal (ring) in time. They don’t understand their
relationship to the system and how, by driving faster than the GPS computer,
they can bias it.
BART = Bay Area Rapid Transit –
Please note the use of the word “Rapid” because it is a word we almost never
hear in Los Angeles.
BBB = Santa Monica’s Big Blue Bus
CHSRA = California High-Speed Rail Authority,
which is the equivalent, in more ways than one, of the LACMTA.
CC or CCMBL = Culver City (Municipal) Bus (Lines)
CCTC = Culver City Transportation Center this
is the place formerly known as FHMTC = the Fox Hills Mall
Transportation Center (Sepulveda& Slauson)
FFE = Full Fare Equivalent (presently $1.50)
GMBL = Gardena Municipal Bus lines
ITC = Inglewood Transit Center
LAWA = Los Angeles World Airports.
LAXCBC = the LAX City Bus Center.
OCTA = Orange County Transportation Authority.
OOS = Out Of Service.
Rapid Transit = does not compete for right of way, that
is, it will not run at grade unless it has EXCLUSIVE DEDICATED USE of the right
of way).
R& J = Rough and Jerky [ride].
TT= Torrance Transit.
T1= the normal type of driver/staff.
T2= is the non-stop talker type of driver/staff,
on the phone or to passengers,
T3= the uncommunicative type of driver/staff,
sometimes surly.
WLATC = the West Los Angeles Transportation
Center (Fairfax & Apple)
Su Topo’s Disclaimer and apologia
Your Mole always
attempts to write an easy-on-the-eyes page using text input. Blogger.com
however, has other ideas and will often not stay with a single font type or
point size, produces extraneous spacing and etc. I wish I had time to debug the
HTML which they produce, it is NOT the straight text which I pasted into the
form, but I don’t. Therefore, I apologize on behalf of Blogger.com for the
changes which they make, of which I do not approve. Sometimes, what I see,
thankfully you don’t, is 24 point type –it is giant and other times they
swallow my text, although it still seems to be there. In fairness to them,
things seem better, although this is partly because I do understand which of
their “features” do the most damage to me and consequently do not use
them. Communicating these problems to them, for me, is something like
having teeth extracted without the benefit of anesthetic, actually it is less
fun than that. By their design, there is no simple e-mailing them
with "Please look at my say, posting of 2009-06-28, it is weird!” I
have been submitting feedback and experiences slow but positive progress.
Until all issues are resolved, lo siento. [Addendum 2014-07-31]: Things
have been much better lately. There is a more responsive feedback system
now. If things keep this way, I may have to delete this "Disclaimer
and apologia" section in the near future. Almost
immediately after writing the preceding, the system "returned an
error" on a save.
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Your Mole’s Conflict of Interest Statement
This is to certify that
I, the blogger who is known as the LAmetroMole, with respect to this blog,
except as described below, am not now nor at any time during the past year have
been, nor is it my current intention to ever be:
1) A participant,
directly or indirectly, in any arrangement, agreement, investment, or other
activity with any vendor, supplier, or other party doing business with any of
the entities about which I have written, which has resulted or could result in
personal benefit to me.
2) A recipient, directly
or indirectly, of any salary payments or loans or gifts of any kind or any free
service or discounts or other fees from or on behalf of any person or
organization engaged in any transaction with any of the entities about which I
have written.
Any exceptions to 1 or 2
above are stated below with a full description of the transactions and of the
interest, whether direct or indirect, which I have (or have had during the past
year) in the persons or organizations having transactions with any of the
entities about which I have written.
There are no exceptions.
Date: 2009-06-24 S/LametroMole
Works Cited
Editorial. "MTA and its
beleaguered Transit Access Pass system." Los Angeles Times. Aug.
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¡Use su tarjeta …!,
“Transfer period begins when you Tap your card”. metro.net. Nov. 2014. Print.
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